Ford Motor Company Wiki

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Ford Motor Company

The Glass House

Ford Motor Company (English: Ford Motor Company, NYSE: F ), referred to as Ford (Ford), is a manufacturer of automotive of multinational companies in the United States Michigan Dearborn (now the company's headquarters) by the Henry Ford founded, Incorporated in 1903. At the height of the 20th century, Ford, GM, and Chrysler were considered the three major automakers in Detroit, leading the American auto market. Ford has maintained its second place in sales in the U.S. automobile market for 75 consecutive years, second only to General Motors. It was only in 2007 that sales of large sport utility vehicles, SUVs, and trucks decreased due to high oil prices, and it was surpassed by Toyota. The third place in US market sales.

Henry Ford referred to the method of introducing a large number of automobile production and managing a large number of factory employees, and ingeniously designed a new production sequence represented by a mobile assembly line. The combination of high efficiency, high wages, and low prices was a radical reform and innovation for the American manufacturing industry at the time. Therefore, this method was later called the Ford system, and its industrial concept was later adopted by Antonio Gülen. West is called Fordism.

Trademark

Ford's logo uses Ford's English words, white lettering on a blue background. Because the founder Henry Ford likes small animals, the logo designer painted Ford's English as a little white rabbit.

Company History

Henry Ford

Henry Ford left Edison Lighting Company to join the Detroit Motor Company in 1899, but the company went bankrupt in 1900. In 1901, Henry Ford and Childe H. Wells established the Henry Ford Company as a joint venture. However, he left shortly after a disagreement with other investors. The company was renamed Cadillac Automobiles after Henry Lilan became a shareholder. Later, the racing car made by Henry Ford won in 1902 and set a new record in the United States. On June 16, 1903, a coal merchant Alexander Manson and his accountant James Gorens formed a joint venture with Henry Ford today. Ford bought a car chassis from the Dodge brothers with its own two-cylinder horizontally inverted engine and started producing Ford cars. Ford used $28,000 from twelve investors to start his business in a factory that originally made carriages. The mechanical conveyor belt did not achieve immediate results at the time, and the error rate of workers was quite high. However, errors meant more production delays and more additional expenditures for worker training, as well as the use of slower workers. In January 1914, FORD doubled wages, shortened working hours, and set up a person responsible for hiring workers. After FORD was troubled by years of low production efficiency The problem is solved. The employee error rate has dropped significantly, and the company's productivity has also taken off. As cars are manufactured faster and faster, the price of each car has begun to fall rapidly. Ford continued to reduce the price of his car products, from the original price of 825 dollars a car to 290 dollars. And first invented the concept and system of authorized dealers, letting those dealers sell these cheap cars for him in large quantities.

Ford Production Lines 1913

General Motors, Chrysler, and other small competitors began to provide consumers with cars with more luxurious equipment than Model T cars. For example, GM had models of various price points at the time, which would cover the high-end and low-end markets. On the other hand, people with financial difficulties would no longer directly buy Model T cars from Ford, but instead, buy more than twenty or even ten. A second-hand Model T that can be bought for a few dollars. At the same time, these competitors have adopted the form of installment payments to enable consumers to buy expensive vehicles that they could not afford before paying only a sum of money per month. Ford strongly opposes this way of consumption, and he believes that this type of consumption will eventually embarrass the national economy and consumers. But Ford eventually relented, and the production of the Model T to the rage announced the shutdown of the car for the first 15 million in favor of the production of new models Ford Model A.

In 1925, Ford acquired Lincoln Motor Company and began to enter the premium car market. In 1935, Mercury was established under the proposal of Edsel Ford, mainly producing mid-priced cars.

Brands

05 Ford Mustang GT

The Lincoln sedan is the brand chosen by most American presidents as the presidential car. Ford F-series trucks often sell 700-800,000 vehicles a year in the United States. They have long been the sales champion of all cars and trucks in the US market, with cumulative sales of more than 33 million vehicles. In the British car market, Ford is still the sales champion brand for more than two decades. The Ford Mondeo car series, which was developed at a cost of US$6 billion, set a new record for R&D expenditure in the automotive industry. The Mondeo (Mercury Mystique) is as easy to operate as a high-priced European car and has won praise from European and American professional critics.

Ford’s acquisition strategy is quite aggressive. Since 1979, it has successfully acquired Japan’s Mazda (acquiring 33.4% of the stock), British Aston Martin, Jaguar, Land Rover, and Sweden ’s Volvo (automotive). Branch). On March 26, 2008, the Indian Tata Group and the American Ford Motor Company issued a joint statement that Tata will acquire Ford’s Jaeger and Land Rover two major automobile brands for US$2.3 billion. On November 18, 2008, Ford announced that it would sell its 20% stake in Mazda, down from 33.4% to 13%. On November 18, 2010, Mazda announced that Ford’s stake in Mazda had dropped to 3.5%.

On June 2, 2010, Ford Motor Company announced the sale of its high-end Volvo car to Geely Automobile in Zhejiang Province, China. At the same time, it will discontinue all business of its mid-range RV brand Mercury in the fourth quarter of 2010 and transfer all its resources to high-end The car brand Lincoln, on January 4, 2011, Ford officially cut the Mercury brand.

Development in the 21st Century

In 2000, the current chairman Bill Ford is also an environmentalist who has been involved in environmental protection activities for a long time. He announced that the company would increase the average driving life of all its light trucks (including all sport utility vehicles ) by 25% by the end of 2005. This news shocked the auto industry, but at the same time, it also pleased environmentalists in American society. Ford F-series trucks continued to rank among the best-selling cars in the United States when oil prices rose. However, Ford decided to add more fuel-efficient crossover SUVs and introduced the professionally acclaimed European car Ford Focus to the United States. Ford Focus also became the number one in automotive history. A car that won the Car of the year in the United States and Europe. In 2005, Ford introduced the Focus model to China, the world's fastest-growing car consumer, and produced Focus models in Chongqing Changan Automobile. So far, it has sold more than 1 million vehicles. The Chinese version of the Focus has become the most sold compact car in mainland China so far. In 2008, Ford Focus 1.6 Tdci ran 22 kilometers per liter of diesel without using high-priced technology, and its carbon dioxide emissions were only 119 grams per kilometer. It was selected as the annual environmentally friendly car by the UK 's largest car buying guide "What car". The 2008 British Auto Show The Fiesta ECOnetic launched, with average fuel consumption of 32.4 kilometers (76.3 mpg) per liter of urban high-speed running, and the first time that CO 2 emissions were reduced to 100g/km, surpassed the Toyota Prius Hybrid’s average fuel consumption per liter. Liter runs 30.78 kilometers (72.4mpg), 104g/km./

"The Way Forward"

Sandcat Armored car (Ford)
 

In May 2005, Ford Motor Company's bonds were downgraded by the two major credit rating agencies in the United States and became so-called " junk bonds ." The downgrade of the bond is due to the fact that Ford has long given employees excellent lifetime pensions and high-amount health care benefits. Japanese automakers have not given employees the same good salary and benefits. At the same time, rising oil prices have reduced the sales of previously high-margin and best-selling SUVs and trucks, and faced competition from Japan and South Korea, putting Ford in a deep dilemma. Ford North America’s current annual production capacity is 4.5 million cars, but only about 3.2 million cars were sold in 2005, which means that Ford’s North American assembly workshop productivity only played 79%. Ford's loss in 2005 was as high as $1.6 billion.

To reverse the losses and return to profitability in 2008, the second half of 2005, Chairman Bill Ford, president of Ford Americas requirement Mark Fields (Mark Fields) enables companies to develop a profitable company restructuring plan. Fields launched the plan on the company's board of directors on December 7, 2005, and named it The Way Forward. The plan includes: layoffs in North America, closing a large number of factories, suspending production of some unprofitable models, reducing material costs, focusing on the development of crossover models, hybrid vehicles, and small cars, and consolidating the original Ford-Lincoln-Mercury three production line. The factories known to be closed are located in St. Louis, Atlanta, Wixom, Michigan, Batavia, Ohio, and Windsor, Canada. The names of the other factories have not yet been revealed, and they will all stop production before 2012. The plan pointed out that up to 30,000 employees in North America (28% of Ford's employees), whether they are assembly workers or white-collar workers (especially middle-level management), will be cut by the company within six years. This time the company’s “slimming” action is even worse than the previous layoffs by General Motors, and it can also be seen from Ford’s determination to change its mind.

Ford Raptor F-150

This is the second reorganization plan that Ford has implemented in North America in four years. In the first reorganization plan in January 2002, Ford closed 5 factories and laid off 35,000 employees. On September 5, 2006, Ford Motor Company announced that Alan Mulally, former vice president of Boeing, had succeeded Bill Ford as the company's new president and chief executive officer. Bill Ford will continue to serve as chairman.

Global Market

Ford models sold outside the United States in the early twentieth century were essentially models for the domestic market. Later began to design and manufacture models specifically for Europe. In the US automobile market in the 1990s, SUVs and trucks became the mainstream of sales, and the market outside the US was dominated by cars. Ford in Australia stopped production of Mondeo. The market for this type of car continued to decline because buyers liked the large displacement V-type 8-cylinder Engine Ford Falcon. Focus, this European model, has strong sales on both sides of the Atlantic.

Products

New Energy Vehicles

Bill Ford is the first top automotive industry giant to develop a practical fuel cell-powered vehicle (ie Ford Ranger EV) and has signed a contract with the United States Postal Service for manufacturing postal freight vehicles based on the Ranger EV platform. In terms of alternative fuel vehicles, Ford has launched the Crown Victoria, a compressed natural gas fuel-powered ( CNG ) vehicle manufactured for group customers and taxi customers. Many CNG vehicles are equipped with natural gas fuel and both have a gasoline fuel tank. The engine can burn either of the two fuels. Ford's hybrid vehicles have a wide range of adaptability to the ratio of fuel mix, from ordinary pure gasoline fuel to ethanol-based E85 fuel (ethanol accounts for 85%, gasoline accounts for 15%) can be used. However, alternative fuel vehicles and hybrid fuel vehicles face the problem of lack of supporting infrastructure (such as gas stations) during the promotion process, which seriously affects the product's attractiveness to ordinary customers.

Ford Hybrid:

• 2004 - Ford Escape
• 2006– Mercury Sailor
• 2008- Ford Fuxing / Mercury Milan
• 2009 - Ford 500 / Mercury Mondeo
• 2009 - Ford Winger / Lincoln MKX

Ford Racing

In the United States, the ratings are second only to American football. Ford has won eight annual championships in the most popular racing car NASCAR touring car race, and another brand Mercury has won one annual championship.

Ford-Cosworth 's annual championship in Formula One (F1) is second only to Ferrari's engine. The famous F1 driver Schumacher used the Ford engine when he won the F1 championship for the first time in his career. Bennett Racing. He also had good results in the World Cross Country Race (WRC), winning the car factory championships in 2006 and 2007.

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